PUNJABI CULTURE:
Agriculture was the main economic feature of Punjab and therefore formed the basis of Punjabi culture, and a person's social status was determined by land ownership. Punjab has become an important agricultural region, especially after the Green Revolution of the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of India and Pakistan".
Apart from being known for its agriculture and trade, Punjab has also been the subject of many foreign invasions over the centuries and therefore has a long history of war.
Punjab's location on a major invasion route across the northwestern frontier of the Indian subcontinent encouraged the adoption of a lifestyle of waging war to protect land. Warrior culture generally increases the value of public honor (izzat), which is highly valued by Punjabis.
Music of Punjab:
Bhangra is one of the Punjabi musical art forms that is increasingly being heard in the West and is becoming one of the most popular forms among the general public. Punjabi music is used in a variety of ways by Western musicians, including mixing it with other works to create award-winning music.
Sufi and Qawwali music commonly performed in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
- Other important genres of the Punjab region.
history of modern music
Punjabi music began to develop and change in the 20th century under the influence of Western music genres such as pop, rock, and hip-hop.
The result is an entirely new genre of Punjabi music that combines modern rhythms and production techniques with traditional instruments and melodies.
Gurdas Maan was a pioneer in the new Punjabi music scene and became popular in the 1980s with singles like 'Challa' and 'Mamla Gadbad Hai'.
Maan's music combined traditional Punjabi folk melodies with modern production techniques, and his lyrics often addressed social issues such as drug addiction, poverty, and government corruption.
Punjabi dance
Kikri, traditional dance of Punjab. Punjabi dance is performed by both men and women.
Dances range from solo to group, and are sometimes performed using traditional Punjabi instruments.
Bhangra is one of the most famous dances originating from Punjab and is performed by farmers during the harvest season.
This was mainly done when farmers were working in the fields.
They performed Bhangra movements on the spot while doing their respective farming tasks.[6] This allowed them to complete the job with satisfaction. For many years, farmers have been practicing Bhangra to show a sense of accomplishment and usher in the new harvest season.
Traditional B
hangra is performed in a circle,and using traditional dance steps.
raditional bhangra is now practiced outside the harvest season.
Gidda is also a famous dance of Punjab.
This dance is exclusive to women, originated thousands of years ago, and evokes femininity and beauty.
Art:
Painting in Punjab developed during the reign of Iltutmish of the Khilji dynasty, who protected Punjabi. A historical reference to this was made in Tarif-i-Ferozeshi [11]. Sikh art, including Sikh painting, derives primarily from the artistic traditions of Punjab. According to B.N. Goswami, the history of Punjabi painting dates back to the 16th century and came under the influence of the Mughals in the first half of the 18th century. Punjabi Sikh forays into painting were primarily limited to murals decorating the walls of religious buildings until the early 19th century. Miniature paintings depicting Hindu religious scenes and subjects were popular in the Punjab hills among the various Pahari Rajput states.
Between 1810 and 1830, Sikhs began commissioning these Pahari artists to paint Sikh subjects and settings, primarily Sikh royalty and nobility. After 1830, after Sikhs began to come into increasing contact with Europeans, the main influence on Sikh art in Punjab shifted from Pahari styles and techniques to European styles. The Punjabi form and place of association painting arose from the increased exchange between European and Punjabi artists. In this way, traditional Pahari-influenced miniature painting began to be replaced by European-influenced Company school painting. Lahori and Amritsari artists tend to abandon the use of traditional Indian gouache for watercolor painting techniques.
In 1838-1839, British visitors hired local Punjabi artists to draw pictures of various North Indian people on paper supplied by Britain and bind them into albums. Depictions of Sikh royalty and military personnel were recorded in the paintings of these indigenous peoples under British patronage. Many Europeans worked at the Lahore Durbar, including Frenchman Jean-François Arard and patrons of local arts. Some European artists who visited the Sikh court in Lahore and had a profound influence on local art are: Wynn (seated in 1837), William G. Osborn (seated in 1838), Emily Eden (seated with her brother in 1838), August Sheft (seated in 1841). Eden was highly influential as his published work Portraits of the Princes and People of India (which included lithographs of Sikhs and Punjabis) was a great success, and many copies of his work made their way to Punjab, ultimately shaping the emerging school of Punjabi business. The chef spent over a year in Punjab painting various local landscapes and subjects. Many British officers and soldiers sent to Punjab during the Anglo-Sikh War were artists.[13] One example is Henry Lawrence, who painted local people from all walks of life. Many Indian artists trained at the company's schools were hired to paint Punjabi subjects and backgrounds. When the Sikh Empire was annexed in 1849, local Punjabi artists working in the Company style created their work in a mass-produced environment with the aim of selling it to European tourists in local bazaars. These Punjabi paintings were aimed at a European audience and depicted "Sikh leaders, heroes, activities, and costumes."
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